COMPRESSION AND TENSILE TESTS OF PLASTIC SAMPLES (ABS AND PLA), MADE BY 3D PRINTING

Abstract

The article describes the use of 3D printing in modern construction and its advantages, a review of literary sources is performed.  Today, in many countries, 3D printers are used in the construction of buildings. This requires additional research in this field and the need to determine the strength and deformability of structural elements and structures printed on a 3D printer in general, in particular the material itself, from which the manufacturing process is carried out.

The paper presents the characteristics of test samples made of ABS and PLA plastics, and also describes the methodology of their joint and tensile testing.  Based on the tensile test of the samples, the results of the tests are presented in the form of a table, as well as the "Stress-strain" graphs are constructed

To solve the research problem using 3D printing technology, 20 pieces of test samples (10 pieces of PLA plastic and 10 pieces of ABS plastic), namely 10 pieces of cube samples measuring 20x20x20 mm, and 10 pieces of cross-sectional plate samples were made in the experimental  zone 20x4 mm.  The process of manufacturing test samples is shown in Figure 1, using the example of making a sample from PLA plastic, which was intended for tensile testing.

The study of cube and prism samples for compression was carried out on a PG-250 hydraulic press, with the help of which an external load was applied in N steps until failure.

Tensile plate samples were tested on a R-20 breaking machine, which applied external loads in N stages until the samples were completely destroyed.

A comparison of ABS and PLA plastics was made and it was established that the cubic strength of PLA plastic is 1.25 times higher than the cubic strength of ABS plastic, and the modulus of elasticity of PLA, when tested for tension, is 1.22 times higher than the values ​​obtained when testing ABS plastic.