ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS OF DEFENSIVE FORTIFICATION BUILDINGS

Abstract

The field fortification building erect immediately in front of battle and keep the value only on of short duration time (as a rule in a time of fight) is certain on the set locality. Accordances with it time during that arrange the field fortification building is measured by hours and rarely exceeds one twenty-four hours. During erection of such building troops that are the participants of battle actions participate directly, and material of building in swingeing majority is earth with addition of other local materials: wood, stone, on occasion concrete, and also quickly collapsible reinforce-concrete and reserved metallic constructions. On the method of protecting from decimators fortification building is divided into open, half-closed and closed types.

To building of open type belong: trenches and motions of connection; trenches are for shooters, machine guns, grenade launchers and self-propelled guns; trenches are for an artillery, mortars, tanks; shelter is for material facilities; other field building that does not have a ceiling.

The recovered areas of trenches and motions of connection, recovered cracks, belong to building of half-closed type, shelters with ground by collapse, and also the partially recovered (above an engine) trenches for a military and transport equipment. Building of half-closed type is especially effective in the conditions of application of high-fidelity decimators. They, in addition, protect from a defeat the used for setting fire facilities, by drop-liquid poisonous substances that are used

Closed-type buildings usually have a frame equipped with protective and airtight doors, protected air intakes and other openings and slots. They create more reliable protection against modern means of attack than open ones, provide shelter for personnel from the cold and the necessary conditions for rest. The main types of covered structures erected by troops are machine gun emplacements, observation and shelter structures, and dugouts. In the conditions of the use of high-precision weapons, if the combat situation allows, it is advisable to arrange closed and shelters for combat equipment.

Reinforced concrete structures of special purpose (fire structures) are used on the line of contact with the military enemy. These structures are intended for conducting fire, strengthening the engineering equipment of positions in particularly important directions and protecting personnel from means of destruction (debris, bullets). They are built from factory-supplied precast concrete elements, which include formwork blocks, wall panels, slabs and floors. Metal doors and metal shutters are also used.

The given analysis of the general types of modern fortification structures indicates that the structures that provide the highest protection necessarily have the main load-bearing elements made of reinforced concrete. They are underground walls of various shapes and configurations, beams, crossbars, purlins, shells and ceilings. On the other hand, the use of reinforced concrete in modern fortifications as a protective coating is practically absent or has a very limited nature. Basically, these are small checkpoints, checkpoints that provide protection similar to a light anti-destructive coating.