UNIVERSAL PREFABRICATED WOOD-AERATED CONCRETE PANEL FOR QUICKLY ASSEMBLED PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS

Abstract

Prefabricated buildings are always preferred in the face of various natural disasters or wars, which is relevant for Ukraine today. Such buildings may have different technological and structural solutions, but the main task of such construction is to obtain convenient, reliable buildings in a short time with low material costs and low labor intensity.

The technology of manufacturing prefabricated structures and buildings dates back hundreds of years. Prefabrication involves assembling an object from prefabricated individual elements. This includes all structural elements, whether they are beams for the frame, flat panels, floors, or even prefabricated volumetric modules.

Prefabricated structures used for the construction of buildings and structures were a profitable solution where suitable materials were not available locally (for example, in former colonies) and buildings had to be erected in a short time and without proper engineering skills.

Obtaining reliable, energy-efficient, sufficiently fire-resistant and, to a certain extent, protective buildings that are not too expensive to construct is fully consistent with Ukraine's needs to provide housing and utility or public buildings for internally displaced persons and residents of frontline areas. This task can be accomplished only if different materials are used for the construction of structural elements of buildings and structures. Ideally, such structural elements should combine reliability, strength and load-bearing capacity, the necessary thermal properties and durability, textural appeal and lightness, and resistance to high temperatures and mechanical damage.

In the course of the research, it was proposed to combine several materials - wood, cellular concrete, and heavy concrete - in one cross-section of a universal structure (slab). These materials differ dramatically in their properties, strength, durability, etc. The main task of the study was to substantiate the possibility of using such a panel as a floor, wall, and roof panel with minimal costs for finishing the interior of the building and sufficient thermal and fire protection properties, as well as with some protection against fragments of explosive objects and bullets.